lunes, 17 de febrero de 2014

La fundación de Roma

Imagen de http://latiniesmeruelo.blogspot.com.es/
La fundación de Roma tuvo lugar en el año 753 a. C., cuando algunas tribus latinas se instalaron en las siete colinas cercanas a la desembocadura del río Tíber.

El lugar elegido era idóneo para la defensa, gracias a la protección del río y de las colinas, y muy apropiado para el comercio fluvial y terrestre, dado que se encontraba en una encrucijada de las rutas de comunicación norte-sur y este-oeste.


LA FUNDACIÓN DE ROMA: LA LEYENDA 

Existía en la zona de la actual Roma un rey llamado Numitor, descendiente de Eneas, un héroe de la guerra de Troya.
Numitor era un buen rey, pero su hermano Amulio, celoso de su poder, se rebeló contra él y le arrebató el trono y la vida. Este rey tan malvado también terminó con la vida de los dos hijos varones de Numitor, pero no con la de su bella sobrina Rea Silvia. A ella la mandó al servicio de la diosa Vesta (diosa del hogar), por lo que debería permanecer virgen eternamente.
De camino al templo de Vesta donde debería de pasar el resto de sus días encerrada, Rea Silvia paró a descansar a la orilla del río Tíber. Estando allí dormida pasó el dios de la guerra Marte, un dios muy mujeriego, que enseguida se quedó prendado de Rea y la dejó embarazada. Rea, de la unión con Marte, concibió dos hermosos varones; sin embargo, asustada porque podían matarla si se descubría que ya no era virgen, intentó salvar su vida, tirando a sus dos hijos por el río Tíber. 

Imagen de http://planeta-fer.blogspot.com.es/


Estos dos niños se salvaron cuando su cuna, arrastrada por la corriente del río Tíber, fue recogida por una loba, quien los amamantó siendo bebes. Tiempo después, un pobre pastor, llamado Faústulo, recogió a los dos niños y los crió como si fueran sus hijos: Rómulo y Remo.

Imagen de http://planeta-fer.blogspot.com.es/

Rómulo y Remo crecieron fuertes y alegres, sin saber nada de su historia hasta que ya, de jóvenes, averiguaron la triste historia de su familia. Juntos, Rómulo y Remo, reunieron a un ejército y derrocaron a su tío-abuelo, el rey Amulio. 

Años más tarde, los gemelos fundaron una nueva ciudad, a orillas del río Tíber, en el lugar exacto en el que fueron rescatados por la loba.

Se dice que Rómulo mató a su hermano Remo en una pelea por no respetar las normas de acceso a la ciudad. Entonces, Rómulo se nombró así mismo rey y la nueva ciudad pasó a llamarse Roma.








GRANDES CIVILIZACIONES: ROMA


Video compartidio por Aldis Siu

ANCIENT GREECE

THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

domingo, 16 de febrero de 2014

QUESTIONS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. When did the Second revolution begin?
The second Industrial revolution began in 1850s.

2. What is the Rerum Novarum?
It was a document written by Leon XIII in which the Church's doctrine about the new social problems is explained.

3. Why did the First Industrial revolution start in Great Britain?
Great Britain had water, navigable rivers, many overseas territories, coal and iron reserves (or deposit) and they had a political system which protected commerce and individual liberties. They had an intrepreneurial bourgeoisie. 

4. Which were the differences between the First and the Second Industrial revolution?


5.Who created the Marxism?
Karl Marx created the Marxism or Scientific Socialism. He wrote the Communist Manifest in 1848.

6. What kind of people could work in a factory? // Who worked in factories?
Everybody could work in factories, even children and women. People who worked in factories were called proletarians.

7. What is the main sentence against the church of Karl Marx?
Karl Marx said that "The Church is people's opium (drug)"

8. Why did the population increase during the First Industrial Revolution?
Because the food production increased and there were more food and prices decreased so people had better diet. There were many advantages in medicines and hygienic habits so the mortality rate decreased, while the birth rate still high. 

9. What is the crop rotation?
It is a method of altherning different kinds of crops to preseve soil fertility.

10. Who was the principal leader of the liberalism? What are the Liberalism principles?
He was Adam Smith. Its principles are individual liberty, economic liberty and offer and supply laws. Laissez-faire. Governments must not assist to the economy.

11. Who was considered as 'Pope of workers'?
Leon XIII was considered as Pope of workers because he wrote the Rerum Novarum. 

12. What is the Demographic revolution?
It was a big increased in population due to improvements in medicine, hygienic (improvements) and a food productions. 

13. Who invented the standard production?
Henry Ford invented the standard production.

14. How did lower food prices affect to demography?
People could buy more food and they became healthier.

15. Which industries appeared in the Second revolution?
In the Second industrial revolution appeared the chemical and electricity industries; the communication industry was involved too and the steel industry. 

16. Why Great Britain conquered many overseas territories?


17. What is the Industrial Revolution?

18. What was the name of the breaking machines' movement?

19. Which were the inventions of the first industrial revolution?

20. How many hours did the children between 9 and 12 years old work during the Second Industrial revolution?

21. What was the main invention during the Second Revolution?

22. What were the differences between Rerum Novarum and Marxism?













viernes, 14 de febrero de 2014

Questions for the exam



Here you have all the questions for your next exam. I'll choose some of these activities.

Theseus and the Minotaur

We are going to watch an enjoyable cartoon history about Theseus, a strong Athens boy who killed the Minotaur. 

Below video you will find some questions you have to answer. 


Video uploaded by Alissea84uk

lunes, 3 de febrero de 2014

La cultura griega


Your unit 2 questions

You must study your exam using the next questions you gave me last week. I have chosen the most interesting question that you did.

MESOPOTAMIAN QUESTIONS:

- How was Mesopotamian architecture? (Rebeca Pérez)
They built using adobe, they used the arch , the vault and columns. They used varnished brick too.

- Think: what are the main differences between first Mesopotamian schools and schools nowadays? (Ana Magro)
In Mesopotamian school only a few children, from rich families, went to school; today all the children go to school. Mesopotamian children only studied writing and reading but today we study many subjects. In Mesopotamia only boys could go to school, today girls and boys can go to school.

- Why did Mesopotamian build ziggurats? (Illán Remolar)
Because they wanted to build a stairway to heaven, because they thought their god was living on the top of the ziggurat.

- What was the Mesopotamian writing? (Antonio Ballesteros)
They had the cuneiform writing.

- Why Mesopotamian people draw monsters in their buildings and doors? (Daniel Bartolomé)
Because they thought that monster drove away their enemies

- What is the meaning of Mesopotamia? (Álvaro Bartolomé)
Mesopotamia means "land between two rivers".

- What was the main Mesopotamian building? (Silvia Gómez)
The most important building in Mesopotamia was a temple called ziggurat.

- What was a theocracy? (Natalia Castellanos)
It is a political system in which the king (or priest in Mesopotamia) had the political, militar and religious power.

- Between which two rivers is Mesopotamia located? (Ana Puebla)
It is located between two rivers: Euphrates and Tigris rivers.

- Why was writting invented? (Mar Casado)
Because they wanted to have the sums of the kingdom.

- Who were the scribes? (Gabriela Martínez)
They were civil-servant who could write and read.

- What were the most important economic activities in Mesopotamia?
The most important economic activities in Mesopotamia were agriculture (due to fertile lands) and stockbreeding.

EGYPTIAN QUESTIONS:

- Why did Egyptians bury their deaths with the Book of the Dead? (Paula Saavedra)
Because this book contains all the sentences all death people had to say to Osiris to save their souls.

- What was the Book of the Dead?

- Why Egyptians made mummies? (Illán Remolar)

- Which were the pharaoh's power? (Nora Serroukh)

- Why the Nile was such as important for Egyptian people? (Julia Sepúlveda)

- Name all kind of Egyptians tombs. (Mariuxi Toapanta)

- Pharaoh's work. (Victoria Baena)

- Who were the most important gods? (Dánae)

- Who was the Sun's God? (Martín del Olmo)

- What is a pyramid? (Lucas Boyero)

- How was Egytian society organized? (Edna Salinas)


- What are the most important pyramids today? Where are they located? (Raquel Díez)

- Explain the Egyptian agriculture cycle. (Adrián White)

- What was an hypogeum? (Iciar Sánchez)

Be carefull, I will choose some questions, but you have to know everything. It is possible that you are going to read a text and you will answer some questions related with it. It is possible to have some definitions, and you will match it with its correct term.

LA VIVIENDA GRIEGA

Los griegos vivían en casas de una o dos plantas, no muy decoradas y con muy pocos muebles. 
Imagen de http://arte-labrandero.blogspot.com.es

Las casas de las familias más ricas se distribuían alrededor de un patio central, en el que se situaba el altar con los dioses a los que se rendía culto. 

Las habitaciones o partes de la casa griega más significativas eran:

- La sala principal, en la que se hacían recepciones de invitados. Normalmente tenía un mosaico en el suelo.

- La sala de los hombres o andrón, era una habitación, normalmente amueblada con divanes en la que se reunían los hombres y realizaban pequeñas fiestas o reuniones llamados simposios. Los simposios consistían en fiestas privadas, de hombres, que tumbados en esos divanes comían y bebían diversos alimentos y charlaban.

Imagen de un simposio griego. Bajada de http://dinora-lu.blogspot.com.es
- La sala de las mujeres o gineceo, era un área o habitación reservada, en exclusiva a las mujeres. Allí solían reunirse todas las mujeres miembro de una familia y conocidas para charlar, acicalarse, tejer, etc.

Imagen de http://es.wikipedia.org


Vídeo de artehistoria.com

La ciudad griega

La ciudad griega era concebida como una auténtica obra de arte. Normalmente se situaban cerca del mar, para facilitar las comunicaciones marítimas y con la parte principal de la ciudad (religiosa) al poder ser en lo alto.
Las ciudades tenían calles tortuosas y estrechas. La vida se organizaba alrededor de dos centros: el ágora y la acrópolis.

El ágora es una plaza pública en la que se celebraba el mercado y donde se reunían los ciudadanos para pasear, charlar o mantenerse informado.
Imagen de http://juanbascon.blogspot.com.es
El agora más conocida es la de la ciudad de Atenas. Se trataba de un espacio abierto rodeado de grandes edificios civiles, situado en la parte baja de la ciudad, cercana a la zona de las viviendas. Una de las edificaciones más interesantes del ágora es la stoa, una galería porticada en la que los griegos podían refugiarse.
Imagen de http://outandaboutineurope.blogspot.com.es
Imagen de http://www.abc.net.au
La acrópolis es un recinto amurallado, situado en el lugar más elevado de la ciudad, una zona fácil de defender en caso de guerra. Por eso, en la acrópolis se situaban los edificios más importantes de la ciudad como los templos.

La acrópolis que más conocemos, gracias a sus restos, es la de Atenas.

Imagen de http://juanbascon.blogspot.com.es



Vídeo de artehistoria.com